Arbitrage pricing theory: evidence from an emerging stock market

The development of financial equilibrium asset pricing models has been the most important area of research in modern financial theory. These models are extensively tested for developed markets. This paper examines the validity of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) model on returns from 24 actively trading stocks in Karachi Stock Exchange using monthly data from January 1997 to December 2003. Explanatory factor analysis approach indicates two factors governing stock return. Pre-specified macro economic approach identifies these two factors as the anticipated and unanticipated inflation and market index and dividend yield. Some evidence of instability is found. The overall finding of two significant priced factors at least for a sub period supports APT for an emerging capital market.Asset Pricing, APT, Emerging Markets

Preferences of Multinational & National Brands in Health Care Department

The current study was conducted in order to find out any relationship between National and Multinational brands and health care consultant preferences. For this purpose data was obtained from four different hospitals in Distract Bannu .Two hospital belong to private sector that are Shah Medical Complex (SMC) and Amjad child and mother health care center(ACMHCS) .And two public sector government hospitals namely Distract headquarter hospital for children (DHQ) and Khalifa Gul Nawaz Teaching Hospital (KGNTH).conveniouse sampling method was applied to select appropriate number of Health care consultants in  pediaratics  department. Information was collected through primary data and for this purpose a well structured questioners was designed. Total number of 160 Questioners were distributed among all the selected hospitals and receive 129 in response. Of these 129 respondents some of the questioners were not filled properly. Finally we select 120 questioners .In order to check relationship of health care consultant’s preferences with different Multinational and national brands we applied Chi- Square test. the results obtain from research shows that  there is significant association between health care consultants preferences and prices and quality of the product .At the same time the relationship between Health care consultants and Frequent visits of Medical representatives, efficacy, country of the origin, government polices are also important. Keywords: Health  Care consultants,  Multinational and National Brands, HCC Preferences

The Rise and Fall of Pakistan’s Textile Industry: An Analytical View

The textile industry of Pakistan is one of the most vital sectors for the economic growth of the country. It is a significant contributor to its industrial exports. Over the years, this sector has undergone a rise and fall due to various reasons. The sector has struggled due to high manufacturing expenses, frequent power shortages, faulty strategies and lack of support policies from the government. A worldwide recession, global tension and quality competence are also major threats to the sector. The textile industry of Pakistan is also faced with several challenges and opportunities like frail infrastructure, obsolete technology, adverse law and order situation and lack of investment. The main segments of this sector are clothing and garments, readymade fabrics, weaved apparels, twisting sector and chemical processing sector. Despite the fact that majority of the textile sales is done overseas to the developed countries, the sector is still way behind South Asian regional competitors and has not performed to its full potential particularly in recent years. Keywords: Textile industry, Economic growth, South Asia DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-12-12 Publication date: April 30th 202

SATISFACTION OF FEMALE PATIENTS: A SURVEY OF DHQ ZANANA HOSPITAL DERA ISMAIL KHAN, KPK, PAKISTAN

Health is basic need of every age and almost every country of world is spending much of its resources on providing health facility to its public. Health problem in Pakistan, having a population of 118.6 million people with 3.1% growth rate (ESP, 2012), are tremendously increasing and poses multiple threats to continued economic and social development in country. In Pakistan different government and private medical colleges are producing doctor’s at large scale but we are still not in position to achieve health for all (Zahir, 1992: 93). The incidence of ill health and premature deaths among the poor in Pakistan is very high. Many of the women’s premature deaths are due to a high rate of maternal mortality from Hemorrhage, infection toxeing, obstructive labor and primitive abortion methods. Thus women especially poor of rural areas, are caught in problems which needs to be explored. This study was conducted to understand the problems of female patients in DHQ Zanana Hospital, DIKhan, which is a beneficiary institution established by government for the welfare of women population of DIKhan division (District Tank and District DIKhan). The hospital is located at Kachehry in Road DIKhan city and administratively, it is the part of District Headquarter Hospital, DIKhan. It is the only female hospital in DIKhan division, not only patients from DIKhan but also from areas situated near DIKhan like Jandula, Wana and Bhakkar depends on this hospital for their treatment. The staff and patients of Zanana Hospital DIKhan was population of the study. Purposive sampling was used in terms of doctors and nurses however but random in case of patients. The reason was that the doctors and nurses were identifiable and calculated but patients were numerous therefore, whoever could be contacted, in case of the respondent of this study. A very small number of patients get some medicines from hospital store, off course limitation of budget is there, but miss-use of available medicine in the hospital store is also responsible for the lack of free medicine facility. Low quality medicines are accepted, which doctors do not want to prescribe. KEY WORDS;  Health, Mortality, Economic and social development, Female patients

The Study of Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Approach in Teaching of Mathematics at Secondary Levels in Pakistan

The literacy rate in any country is generally regarded as the index of development. If we examine the causes of low literacy rate and low standard of our education in Pakistan, one can find poor method of teaching as one of the major reasons. This is an age of science and technology, and as a matter of fact subject of mathematics serves as a foundation of many modern science and technology courses. In all of the academic disciplines, in one way or the other mathematics plays the fundamental role in learning and expanding the boundaries of existing knowledge. In this research paper we will examine the approach of corporate learning approach and how are teachers familiar to this new concept during teaching Mathematics at secondary level. Why student do not take interest in mathematics. For this purpose the population is comprised of all the registered students of 10th Class in the Government Girls (G.G. from now onward) High School Qasaban No.5 Dera Ismail Khan city. Fifty student from class 10 is selected randomly and divided into two groups namely Group A, and Group Data was analyzed through 1.     Mean and standard deviation of scores obtained through pre-test of group A and B are calculated. 2. Mean, standard deviation and pooled standard deviation of scores obtained through post-test are calculated for both groups separately. 3. T-statistic and paired T are calculated.  The first finding of the study is that the mean of pre-test mathematics achievement scores of group A and group B is the same i.e. 30.64 while there is variation in standard deviations are 7.12 and 5.79 respectively. The student learns through corporate learning techniques scored better than other. This may be attributed to students’ dullness in learning math trough traditional approach. Keywords; Learning, Mathematics, Standard deviation, T statistics, Students

THE IMPACT OF INTERNET CAFES ON STUDENTS IN GOMAL UNIVERSITY D I KHAN

Internet cafes are mushrooming across the country all in the big and small cities and even in towns and villages. “The basic idea behind establishing Internet clubs is to promote information technology. The government is laying down the policy to set up IT Centers in every nook and corner of the country. These cafes are instrumental for the promotion of IT and play a pivotal Role in this regard by benefiting those who have no access to this facility at their homes. Although Internet cafes are offering new opportunities to get online education, communication and information services - research indicates that negative impacts of these cafes are far-reaching, particularly in the students' community. As the heading of the research project indicates, the respondents for the required data included mangers/owners of the cafes and the visitors (students). Students of Gomal University were used for questionnaire fill-up. Thus these two groups form the population of this research project. In this study I selected the sample through simple random sampling and sample size is 50. It is also sad to see the people misusing the great blessing. And it is much more distressing to know that it is our youth, who are addicted to this misuse. The availability of pornographic pictures, videos and provocative sites is the biggest problem on the Internet. According to the survey majority of the customers of these clubs are the Students of various schools and colleges. They come in the morning and leave the cafe in afternoon or late evening. These students instead of using the Internet for educational purpose prefer browsing different websites; indulge in chatting and watching movies, especially pornography. Majority of the Internet cafes have six to seven feet high cabins fitted with fancy lights, music and refreshments. The internet cafes are corrupting the minds of the younger generation in the name of access to information technology. The government is planning to block the porn sites but they are in millions and hundreds of them are launched almost every day. Why can't a law be enforced prohibiting the cafe owners from providing privacy through the secret cabins to the consumers? Key Words; Internet cafes, Education, Information services, Customers, Browsin

Anaemia in pregnancy: occurrence in two economically different clinic populations of Karachi

According to previous WHO standards, anaemia in pregnancy denoted a haemoglobin level of 11.0 gms/dl or less, but this is now considered to be variable1 as it differs from country to country depending on local reference ranges and socio-economic conditions. Each country should “lay down minimal acceptable standards” below which an individual is considered to be anaemic, taking into account the available fmancial and manpower resources and other health needs of the country2. There is a wide divergence in the quoted prevalence of anaemia in Pakistan and neigh­bouring countries.3-6 This study was undertaken to determine a range of haemoglobin levels and frequency of anaemia in pregnancy in 2 clinic populations of Karachi. This study emphasises the relationship between anaemia and socio-economic levels of the population

Systematic Review of COVID Spillover and Online Education Pedagogy

This paper has touched one of the most critical area affected due to pandemic situation created by the COVID-19 and its powerful spillover effect on education sector by customizing education pedagogy. Earlier researchers have studied online education separately, whereas this paper discussed the natural transition and systematic review of upsurge of e-learning. The objective of this paper is to make the systematic review of COVID spillover and transition towards e-learning education pedagogy through theoretical framework. The study makes systematic review of switchover towards e-learning and spillover effect of COVID-19 and customization of the education pedagogy. In this study, past literature has been utilized to make critical analysis of spillover effect of COVID-19 and impact on education pedagogy by creation of prepositions. The findings of the study reveal that in the exceptional circumstances of COVID-19, e-learning transition has taken place from conventional to e-learning modules. All over the world, countries have shifted towards online education by schooling out but classes in campaign ignited by Chinese government. The same has also been replicated in other countries of the world during COVID-19

To measurer the Attitude of organization members in managing stress during working hours

Almost every person experience some of kind stress in day to day life. “Stress” is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint or demand, related to what he or she desires for which outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important”. In an nformal sense, stress management refers to what we all do quite spontaneously on a day to day basis. In this sense we all manage our stress more or less effectively. A major way, in which we achieve this, is, through the use of coping strategies / mechanisms. These are conscious attempts to adapt to stress in a positive and constructive way. Our objective for the current research work is 1. To assess the degree of stress management skills of people working in Chashma. 2. To measure the attitude of people towards stress management. The population of this study consists of people working at Chashma in Public Sector. Sampling Technique A sample of fifty respondents will be selected through convenience sampling technique. The primary data is collected through questionnaire and secondary data is collected from books, and retrieved from online resources. The data collected will be analyzed using different descriptive analytical methods e.g. tabulation and t-test of significance. In the view of the research work conducted it is found that although there are sufficient facilities to reduce stress at different level by stress management such as sports centre, club, swimming pool but there is no proper employee support program to combat organizational stress. Stressors such as limited availability of daily life utilities such as shopping area, high quality education for children and child elderly care are lacking. KEY Words: Stress, management skills, Public Sector, stress managemen

Preparing Strategies to Eradicate Child Labour from District Bahawalpur

The district Bahawalpur is counted as one of the most backward and underdeveloped area of south region of Punjab where a great majority of the population is convicted of ignorance & illiteracy, lack of information and awareness about life skills.. The 75 % local people are attached with agriculture & other petty socio-economic sectors to earn their bread & butter .They are mostly from poverty stricken communities and under control of Landlords as well as rulling class of Abbasids.Resultantly, they have submissive attitude, behavior and practice and send their young generation in to various forms of child labor. Keeping in view the gravity of the Situational Analysis, The Researcher has selected that burning issue aiming to probe deeply in to the matter and seek various aspects & dimensions related with concrete & sustainable solution that could be helpful & instrumental for the Government, Labor department Policy Makers, and other UN Agencies working on providing Service Delivery to that core vulnerable group of Children and their Families. No Doubt, Child Labor is a black spot on the face of Civil Society; Let us feel our social & moral duty while jointly trying to erase it. Keywords; Child Labor, Illiteracy, Awareness, UNICEF, ILO